11.
During the Second Chechen War, Russia forcibly disarmed the Chechen rebel movement, though some attacks by rebels continued to occur throughout the northern Caucasus region. A referendum was held in Chechnya in 2003 declaring the Republic of Chechnya a part of Russia. In 2007, Vladimir Putin chose Ramzan Kadyrov, an ally, to govern Chechnya to prevent further rebellion. Kadyrov has been internationally criticized for corruption and human rights violations.
