12. Heartburn

Gastric reflux, caused by indigestion resulting from the lack of bile secreted into the intestine, forces acid to travel back up into the esophagus, irritating its walls. This causes burning pain and palpitations in the chest area, which patients often fear to be a heart attack. This pain is oftentimes accompanied with hoarseness, again due to the gastric acid which can move up the esophagus and “burn” the throat.